What two secretions does capsaicin stimulate in the stomach and duodenum to help fortify the mucosal barrier?

Mucus and bicarbonate secretions

Contrary to the historical belief that spicy food irritates the stomach into causing ulcers, capsaicin actually possesses surprising protective properties for the gastric lining. This protection is achieved when capsaicin stimulates the cells lining the stomach and duodenum to increase the production and release of two key protective substances: mucus and bicarbonate. The mucus forms a physical, viscous layer, while the bicarbonate acts as a buffer against corrosive stomach acid. Together, these secretions significantly strengthen the mucosal barrier, which serves as the primary line of defense against acid damage, potentially helping to prevent ulcer formation rather than causing them.