In the Balinese philosophy of flavor balance, what is the typical Indonesian source listed for the Bitter element?

Answer

Certain Leaves or Roots

The philosophy governing traditional Balinese cuisine emphasizes balancing five elemental tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy, which proponents link directly to physical and emotional well-being. Specifically regarding the Bitter element, the established source listed for achieving complexity and depth within this balance framework is Certain Leaves or Roots. This contrasts with the other elements, such as Palm Sugar for Sweetness or Chilies for Spiciness.

In the Balinese philosophy of flavor balance, what is the typical Indonesian source listed for the Bitter element?
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