How does the typical serving size of espresso moderate its diterpene intake compared to filter coffee?

The much smaller volume consumed naturally moderates total diterpene intake.

While unfiltered methods like espresso might permit a higher concentration of diterpenes per unit of liquid compared to a paper-filtered cup, the overall intake of these compounds from a single serving is often naturally limited by volume. A standard shot of espresso is generally very small, usually ranging between 1 to 2 ounces. In contrast, a typical serving of filter coffee (drip or pour-over) is significantly larger, often 8 to 12 ounces. Because the total volume of the espresso shot is so low, the absolute amount of cafestol and kahweol consumed in one serving remains relatively modest, effectively mitigating the risk associated with the higher concentration found in that small volume.