What process determines if harvested plant stems become woody and indigestible like a twig?
Lignification, which is the process of hardening tissue with lignin.
The transition of a plant stem from a tender, edible young shoot to an inedible, woody structure is governed by a specific biological process called lignification. Lignification involves the deposition and hardening of lignin within the cell walls of the plant tissue. When a stem has undergone significant lignification, it becomes excessively rigid and tough, rendering it chewable only like a twig, making it unsuitable for most culinary preparations. For eating purposes, foragers and cooks target the parenchyma tissue, which is the soft, living tissue responsible for water and nutrient storage just beneath the outer skin of young shoots. The presence of abundant, pliable parenchyma tissue signifies tenderness, whereas high lignin content signifies woodiness.

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