What specific lignan compound found primarily in the rhizomes and roots of Podophyllum peltatum dictates both its therapeutic value and significant toxicity?
podophyllotoxin (PPT)
The core significance of the American Mayapple, *Podophyllum peltatum*, in both traditional and modern medicine stems almost entirely from the presence of a specific lignan compound concentrated in its roots and rhizomes, which is identified as podophyllotoxin, often abbreviated as PPT. This compound is explicitly recognized as the main active chemical constituent of the plant material. Its presence is crucial because it simultaneously confers the plant’s potential therapeutic benefits, such as anti-cancer activity, and its significant inherent toxicity when improperly handled or administered. This powerful chemical entity is what modern science focuses on when considering the plant’s medicinal applications, distinguishing it from its physical parts or its historical classification as a purgative.
