Despite its fruit sometimes being consumed when fully ripe, which parts of the American Mayapple plant are considered poisonous year-round and hold the highest concentration of the active substance?
rhizomes and roots
The American Mayapple is unequivocally considered poisonous, a critical characteristic that must govern any interaction with the plant. This toxicity is concentrated within the underground structures. The rhizomes and roots are specifically highlighted as holding the highest concentration of the active substance, podophyllotoxin, throughout the entire year. While the fruit requires extremely precise timing for consumption (only when fully ripe and yellow), the roots maintain their potent and hazardous chemical load regardless of the season. Therefore, handling or preparing these underground parts demands extreme caution, which is why modern reliance is placed on controlled pharmaceutical extraction rather than traditional self-medication using these highly toxic components.
