What cellular process do betanin-enriched extracts induce in certain cancer cell lines like MCF-7, alongside autophagy?

Answer

Apoptosis

Research into the anti-cancer properties of beetroot extracts, specifically those rich in the betalain pigment betanin, points towards mechanisms that actively fight cancerous cell proliferation. One of the significant findings from *in vitro* studies is that these extracts are capable of inducing apoptosis in specific cancer cell lines, such as MCF-7. Apoptosis is the biological process of programmed cell death, meaning the cell is signaled to self-destruct in a controlled manner that prevents damage to surrounding tissues. The extracts also induce autophagy, another form of cellular self-digestion. While chemosensitization (improving the efficacy of drugs like doxorubicin) is another beneficial effect noted, apoptosis is the specific cell death mechanism mentioned in this context.

What cellular process do betanin-enriched extracts induce in certain cancer cell lines like MCF-7, alongside autophagy?

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