Where did Joe "Spud" Murphy develop the technology to add seasoning directly to the chip during manufacturing in the 1950s?

Ireland

While the foundation of the chip format and the initial distribution system were largely American developments, the next major leap in product variety—the ability to flavor chips beyond simple salt—originated internationally. Joe "Spud" Murphy, based in Ireland, successfully developed the technology to incorporate seasoning directly onto the chip during the manufacturing process in the 1950s. This advancement was significant because early packaging limitations (even early wax paper bags) struggled to contain strong aromas or moisture without affecting the chip's texture, meaning Murphy’s innovation required the robust, sealed packaging that American industrialists like Laura Scudder had established decades earlier to be successfully integrated into the American market.